A written opinion that does not identify the judge who wrote the opinion

Damages to compensate for causing another physical and / or mental harm

Parents responsible for the torts of their minor children

Oral evidence

A rule which precludes the introduction of oral evidence which would contradict the written terms of a contract

Slight breach which does not substantially impair a contract; breached party is not justified in abandoning the contract, but can recover for damages caused by the breach

Obviously unclear terms on its face; compare to LATENT AMBIGUITYⁱ

Usually a monetary sanction imposed for wrong-doing

By itself; does not require additional evidence to establish its existence

Fulfillment of a contract’s obligation

Putting up money to guarantee compensation in event of a breach of contract

Movable property that is not attached to realty; compare to REAL PROPERTY

A way to hold the individuals within a corporation, or a parent corporation, liable for misdeeds despite the usual protections offered

The conclusion of an appellate court that an error by the lower court would have changed the outcome of the decision and therefore must be corrected

The person bringing forth a lawsuit

The authority of the person who was made an offer to bind a contract before the opportunity to accept the offer lapses

A written document granting another authority to perform certain acts on behalf of the person granting the authority

Party who is awarded a judgment

On its face; does not require additional evidence to support its existence

In regards to agency law, a person who allows or authorizes another to act on his or her behalf and subject to his or her control

Principle that a higher good is served when certain decisions are made even if individual may suffer as a consequence